Phase Characterization of TiO2 Powder by XRD and TEM

By K. Thamaphat, Pichet Limsuwan. 2008

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Strain and grain size of TiO2 nanoparticles from TEM, Raman spectroscopy and XRD: The revisiting of the Williamson-Hall plot method (2018, background): “Blue shifts at an annealing temperature of 550 C suggest a change of phase which is a nonreversible transformation from anatase to brookite [30,32,33].”
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles XRD Analyses: An Insight (2013, unknown): “indicating TiO2 in the anatase phase [10].”
Improving the tribological characteristics of piston ring assembly in automotive engines using Al2O3 and TiO2 nanomaterials as nano-lubricant additives (2016, background): “From the spectra, the intensity of XRD peaks for TiO2 and Al2O3 were such that the Al2O3 nanoparticles had broader diffraction peaks (suggesting poor crystallization), indicating the presence of ultra-fine size crystallites [38].”
Synthesis and characterization of undoped and cobalt-doped TiO2 nanoparticles via sol–gel technique (2015, background): “However, rutile is a high-temperature stable phase and has an optical energy band gap of 3.0 eV (415 nm), anatase is formed at a lower temperature with an optical energy band gap of 3.2 eV (380 nm) and refractive index of 2 (Thamaphat et al. 2008).”