Northern Yellowstone elk after wolf restoration

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Subfields: Ecology

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Cougar kill rate and prey composition in a multiprey system. (2010, background): “…1998, Laundré 2008), which have led ecologists either to ignore seasonal differences in predation rates (Ballard et al. 1997, Laundré 2005, Varley and Boyce 2006, Laundré et al. 2006) or to assume that predation rates will be highest in winter (White and Garrott 2005, Stahler et al. 2006).”
Migration of northern Yellowstone elk: implications of spatial structuring (2010, background): “…decrease was due to predation by wolves and other large predators, concurrent human harvests of antlerless elk, and, possibly, drought effects on maternal condition and recruitment (Barber-Meyer et al. 2008; Hamlin et al. 2009; Varley and Boyce 2006; Vucetich et al. 2005; White and Garrott 2005).”
The role of American black bears and brown bears as predators on ungulates in North America (2006, background): “This dynamic will likely change with the re-introduction of gray wolves (Canis lupus) into the Yellowstone Ecosystem and concurrent 50% reduction in the northern range elk population (White and Garrott 2005a, 2005b).”