Etiology of hormone receptor-defined breast cancer: a systematic review of the literature.
By M. Althuis, J. Fergenbaum, M. García-Closas, L. Brinton, M. Madigan, M. Sherman. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, 2004
642 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Breast cancers classified by estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PR) expression have different clinical, pathologic, and molecular features. We examined existing evidence from the epidemiologic literature as to whether breast cancers stratified by hormone receptor status are also etiologically distinct diseases. Despite limited statistical power and nonstandardized receptor assays, in aggregate, the critically evaluated studies (n = 31) suggest that the etiology of hormone receptor-defined breast cancers may be heterogeneous. Reproduction-related exposures tended to be associated with increased risk of ER-positive but not ER-negative tumors. Nulliparity and delayed childbearing were more consistently associated with increased cancer risk for ER-positive than ER-negative tumors, and early menarche was more consistently associated with ER-positive/PR-positive than ER-negative/PR-negative tumors. Postmenopausal obesity was also more consistently associated with increased risk of hormone receptor-positive than hormone receptor-negative tumors, possibly reflecting increased estrogen synthesis in adipose stores and greater bioavailability. Published data are insufficient to suggest that exogenous estrogen use (oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy) increase risk of hormone-sensitive tumors. Risks associated with breast-feeding, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, family history of breast cancer, or premenopausal obesity did not differ by receptor status. Large population-based studies of determinants of hormone receptor-defined breast cancers defined using state-of-the-art quantitative immunostaining methods are needed to clarify the role of ER/PR expression in breast cancer etiology.
Subfields: Cancer Research, Genetics, Oncology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/291b82ab53b496fa2a4d17c10f3bd11be12ad3fa
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Citations in the corpus
- Epidemiology of basal-like breast cancer (2008, result): “Although differences were slight, the results suggest that traditional risk factors based upon reproductive history are associated with increased risk of hormone-receptor positive disease [63, 64], which is consistent with our findings for the luminal A breast cancer subtype.”
- Associations of breast cancer risk factors with tumor subtypes: a pooled analysis from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium studies. (2011, background): “00 (referent) ER(2) 25 692 (14) 2050 (40) 1563 (31) 589 (12) 185 (4) 0.”