Multiport characteristics of a wide-band cavity backed annular patch antenna for multipolarization operations

By M. Manteghi, Yahya Rahmat-Samii. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2005

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A Review of Mutual Coupling in MIMO Systems (2018, methodology): “Total active reflection coefficient (TARC) is commonly used to evaluate the reflection coefficient of a MIMO array with the random phase excitations at different element ports [83].”
Analysis of Mutual Coupling, Correlations, and TARC in WiBro MIMO Array Antenna (2007, methodology): “TARC is defined as the ratio of the square root of total reflected power divided by the square root of total incident power [4].”
Printed MIMO-Antenna System Using Neutralization-Line Technique for Wireless USB-Dongle Applications (2012, background): “The calculations can be done by using (1) described in [17], where is the phase angle of port 2 excitation, from which it is straightforward to see that TARC accounts for both coupling and random signals combining.”
A MIMO Dielectric Resonator Antenna With Improved Isolation for 5G mm-Wave Applications (2019, background): “A total active reflection coefficient (TARC) is presented for multiport systems [15], which takes into consideration the effect when ports of the multiple-antenna system are fed with signals of different phases and can be obtained by”
A CSRR Loaded MIMO Antenna System for ISM Band Operation (2013, methodology): “of the total incident power [19] in a multiport antenna system.”
UWB-MIMO ANTENNA WITH NOVEL STUB STRUCTURE (2011, unknown): “From the deﬁnition of TARC in [17], it can be determined for 2 × 2 MIMO system using Eq.”