ECONOMIC FREEDOM ,I NSTITUTIONAL QUALITY, AND CROSS-COUNTRY DIFFERENCES IN INCOME AND GROWTH

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Institutions and the Impact of Investment on Growth (2006, background): “Gwartney et al. (2004) found similar results.”
Government Size and Growth: A Survey and Interpretation of the Evidence (2011, unknown): “As Gwartney et al. (2004) point out, the EFI measures both longer-term institutional variables, such as the quality of the legal system, and shorter-term public policies, such as marginal tax rates.”
Economic freedom, culture, and growth (2011, methodology): “Several studies show that economic freedom influences growth directly through a productivity-enhancing channel and indirectly through an investment effect (Dawson 1998; Bengoa and Sanchez-Robles 2003; Gwartney et al. 2004).”
Does economic freedom cause prosperity? An IV approach (2009, background): “A positive, statistically and economically significant relation between EFW and development is well documented in Dawson (1998), De Haan and Siermann (1998), De Haan and Sturm (2000), Cole (2003), Gwartney et al. (2004) and Weede (2006) among others.”