Tapered fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer for simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature

By P. Lu, L. Men, K. Sooley, Quiying Chen. 2009

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Optomechanical sensing of liquids outside standard fibers using forward stimulated Brillouin scattering (2016, background): “Specific forms of the latter include long-period fiber Bragg gratings for the excitation of cladding modes [9], etching or polishing fibers down to the core [10,11], tapering fibers down to few-microns diameters [12], the application of transducer coating layers [13], the fabrication of inline cavit”
Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensors (2012, background): “By tapering a fiber at two points along the fiber, we can form an effective in-line MZI as shown in Figure 7(f) [55,56].”
High-Sensitivity Mach–Zehnder Interferometric Temperature Fiber Sensor Based on a Waist-Enlarged Fusion Bitaper (2011, background): “071 ) [7], however, they are very fragile due to a poor mechanical strength of the small taper waist.”