Operation of a free-electron laser from the extreme ultraviolet to the water window

By W. Ackermann, G. Asova, V. Ayvazyan, A. Azima, N. Baboi, J. Bähr, V. Balandin, B. Beutner, A. Brandt, A. Bolzmann and 146 more. 2007

1,485 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We report results on the performance of a free-electron laser operating at a wavelength of 13.7 nm where unprecedented peak and average powers for a coherent extreme-ultraviolet radiation source have been measured. In the saturation regime, the peak energy approached 170 J for individual pulses, and the average energy per pulse reached 70 J. The pulse duration was in the region of 10 fs, and peak powers of 10 GW were achieved. At a pulse repetition frequency of 700 pulses per second, the average extreme-ultraviolet power reached 20 mW. The output beam also contained a significant contribution from odd harmonics of approximately 0.6% and 0.03% for the 3rd (4.6 nm) and the 5th (2.75 nm) harmonics, respectively. At 2.75 nm the 5th harmonic of the radiation reaches deep into the water window, a wavelength range that is crucially important for the investigation of biological samples.

Subfields: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Radiation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/27f8f613ccb0d391e7371b0b754264d2c3c2ea2e

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

1. G. Stupakov
2. D. Xiang
3. E. Hemsing
4. A. Maier
5. F. Krausz
6. M. Fabrizio
7. D. Mihailovic
8. D. Fausti

In Electrical and Electronic Engineering

1. J. Grünert
2. A. Madsen
3. D. Xiang
4. M. Meyer
5. A. Scherz
6. T. Tschentscher
7. A. Mancuso
8. E. Hemsing

In Radiation

1. E. Hemsing
2. D. Xiang
3. G. Stupakov
4. A. Maier
5. J. Grünert
6. A. Madsen
7. M. Meyer
8. A. Scherz

Citations in the corpus

• X-ray scattering characterisation of nanoparticles (2015, neutral): “2–45 nm [367,368] • LCLS (USA), operational since 2009, λ = 1–40 Å [369,370] • SACLA (Japan), operational since 2011, λ = 0.”
• Single-shot terahertz-field-driven X-ray streak camera (2009, background): “Intense ultrashort soft and hard X-ray pulses from free-electron lasers (FELs) such as FLAS”
• Beam by design: laser manipulation of electrons in modern accelerators (2014, background): “X-ray FELs, considered as fourth generation light sources, have emerged only recently and are expected to open a new era of xray science (Ackermann et al., 2007; Allaria et al., 2012; Emma et al., 2010; Ishikawa et al., 2012).”
• Highly coherent and stable pulses from the FERMI seeded free-electron laser in the extreme ultraviolet (2012, background): “These results show how the use of an external seed allows us to keep the power fluctuations under control, without the need to enter deeply into the saturation regime, as it is necessary in the case of SASE [12].”
• Massively parallel X-ray holography (2008, neutral): “5-nm radiation from the FLASH free-electron laser in Hambur”
• First lasing of an echo-enabled harmonic generation free-electron laser (2012, background): “The strengths of both dispersive sections (R56) can be easily adjusted.”