Finding the engram

By Sheena A. Josselyn, S. Köhler, Paul W. Frankland. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2015

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The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

The Persistence and Transience of Memory. (2017, background): “This is the scenario favored by many neuroscientists (e.g., Josselyn et al., 2015; Tonegawa et al., 2015).”
Episodic Memory and Beyond: The Hippocampus and Neocortex in Transformation (2016, positive): “Recent studies in which cells that constitute the memory (engram) are labeled (tagged), reactivated, or suppressed support our hypothesis that long-term retention of context-dependent memories is mediated by neural ensembles in the HPC (Josselyn et al. 2015, Tonegawa et al. 2015).”
The hippocampus and related neocortical structures in memory transformation. (2018, background): “Direct evidence of continued hippocampal involvement in memory representation after memories are presumably consolidated comes from gain-of-function studies using optogenetic activation [78,79].”
Complex memories induced by intracranial electrical brain stimulation are related to complex networks. (2024, unknown): “Penﬁeld was the ﬁrst researcher to artiﬁcially activate such engrams in epileptic patients while they were awake during surgery (Josselyn et al., 2015; Penﬁeld & Perot, 1963), but the observation of epileptic patients spontaneously experiencing such reminiscence dates back to the pioneering work of…”