The nucleosome remodeler DDM1 allows DNA methyltransferases to access H1-containing heterochromatin
By Assaf Zemach, M. Yvonne Kim, P. Hsieh, Devin Coleman-Derr, Leor Eshed-Williams, Kao Thao, S. Harmer, Daniel Zilberman. Cell, 2013
1,026 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Summary Nucleosome remodelers of the DDM1/Lsh family are required for DNA methylation of transposable elements, but the reason for this is unknown. How DDM1 interacts with other methylation pathways, such as small RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM), which is thought to mediate asymmetric methylation through DRM enzymes, is also unclear. Here, we show that most asymmetric methylation is facilitated by DDM1 and mediated by the methyltransferase CMT2 separately from RdDM. We find that heterochromatic sequences preferentially require DDM1 for DNA methylation, and that this preference depends on linker histone H1. RdDM is instead inhibited by heterochromatin and absolutely requires the nucleosome remodeler DRD1. Together, DDM1 and RdDM mediate nearly all transposon methylation, and collaborate to repress transposition and regulate the methylation and expression of genes. Our results indicate that DDM1 provides DNA methyltransferases access to H1-containing heterochromatin to allow stable silencing of transposable elements in cooperation with the RdDM pathway.
Subfields: Plant Science
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/268717887443c99f0499e81184ff7465018f72f7
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Citations in the corpus
- Epigenomic diversity in a global collection of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions (2016, neutral): “mCHH in TEs is separately catalyzed by two distinct DNA methyltransferases, DOMAINS REARRANGED METHYLTRANSFERASE 2 (DRM2) in the RdDM pathway and CHROMOMETHYLASE 2 (CMT2), which recognizes heterochromatic regions via H3K9 di-methylation (Stroud et al., 2014; Zemach et al., 2013).”
- Cistrome and Epicistrome Features Shape the Regulatory DNA Landscape (2016, positive): “The Arabidopsis methylome is established by distinct DNA methyltransferases, each with a preference for one of three cytosine contexts CG, CHG, and CHH (Law and Jacobsen, 2010; Zemach et al., 2013).”
- Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance: myths and mechanisms (2014, neutral): “The de novo DNA methyltransferases DRM1 and DRM2 (homologs of mammalian Dnmt3), the chromomethyltransferase CMT2, and several histone H3 lysine 9 methyltransferases (SUVH homologs of Su (Var) 3-9) are also required for RdDM, but the direct link between RNAi, DNA, and histone methylation remains unkn”
- A CRISPR/Cas9 Toolbox for Multiplexed Plant Genome Editing and Transcriptional Regulation1[OPEN] (2015, background): “5A; Jullien et al., 2006; Hsieh et al., 2009; Zemach et al., 2013).”