Effects of nanoparticle charging on streamer development in transformer oil-based nanofluids

By J. G. Hwang, Markus Zahn, F. O'Sullivan, L. Pettersson, O. Hjortstam, Rongsheng Liu. 2010

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Heat transfer and rheological properties of transformer oil-oxidized MWCNT nanofluid (2014, background): “If the relaxation time constant is long relative to the time scales of streamer growth, the nanotubes will not significantly modify the electrodynamics [40].”
Preparation of a vegetable oil-based nanofluid and investigation of its breakdown and dielectric properties (2012, methodology): “The low mobility of negatively charged nanoparticles hinders the development of space charge at the tip of a streamer [4], which in turn alters Table 2.”
Effect of semiconductive nanoparticles on insulating performances of transformer oil (2012, methodology): “However, the present model of electron scavengers judged by the charge relaxation time constant τ for the transformer oil/nanoparticle system [7], fails to explain the modification mechanism of TiO2 nanoparticle on the breakdown strength of transformer oil.”
A Review on Synthetic Ester Liquids for Transformer Applications (2020, background): “[121], if the polarization-relaxation time of NPs is shorter than the streamer development time, the streamer is inhibited and the BDV increases.”
A Review on Properties, Opportunities, and Challenges of Transformer Oil-Based Nanofluids (2016, background): “Table 1: Basic properties of conducting, insulating, and semiconducting nanoparticles [26].”