EARLY BURSTS OF BODY SIZE AND SHAPE EVOLUTION ARE RARE IN COMPARATIVE DATA

By Luke J. Harmon, J. Losos, T. Jonathan Davies, R. Gillespie, J. L. Gittleman, W. Bryan Jennings, Kenneth H Kozak, M. McPeek, Franck Moreno-Roark, T. Near and 9 more. Evolution; international journal of organic evolution, 2010

856 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Ecological Modeling, Genetics, Paleontology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0a3bd1c6a42da90843d991a81d60813aa7378af5

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Citations in the corpus

If Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus is ‘the most diverse vertebrate’, what is the lake charr Salvelinus namaycush? (2016, background): “Frequencydependent and disruptive selection for adapted phenotypes, in concert with reduced gene flow among locally adapted populations, permits the accumulation of genetic differences to maintain radiations through time (Harmon et al. 2010).”
Bayesian estimation of fossil phylogenies and the evolution of early to middle Paleozoic crinoids (Echinodermata) (2017, background): “…extant species and tree-based statistical techniques have increasingly become interested in addressing macroevolutionary questions traditionally studied by paleontologists (e.g., O’Meara et al., 2006; Bokma, 2008; Rabosky, 2009; Rabosky andMcCune, 2009; Harmon et al., 2010; Pennell et al., 2014).”
Fast and accurate detection of evolutionary shifts in Ornstein–Uhlenbeck models (2016, methodology): “This OU model was validated on a large number of fossil lineages (Hunt, Bell & Travis 2008; Hopkins & Lidgard 2012), as well as in cross-species comparative analyses (Harmon et al. 2010).”
Measurement errors should always be incorporated in phylogenetic comparative analysis (2015, methodology): “We used a cubic root and log transformation to normalize body mass (as in Harmon et al. 2010) and ran a maximum-likelihood optimization using Geiger under BM,ACDCandOUmodels.”
Measuring rates of phenotypic evolution and the inseparability of tempo and mode (2012, methodology): “In contrast to its relative obscurity in the paleontological literature, s2s is the standard rate metric used in comparative biology (e.g., Felsenstein 1985; O’Meara et al. 2006; Ackerly 2009; Harmon et al. 2010), although it is not known as such.”
Continuous traits and speciation rates: Alternatives to state‐dependent diversification models (2017, result): “Therefore, we simulated trait- dependent diversification under a series of diffusion rates of trait change (σ2) encompassing a range of values (0.00006, 0.0006, 0.006, 0.06, 0.6, 6, 60) similar to the spectrum of body size evolution rates observed in empirical studies (Harmon et al., 2010).”
Intrinsic inference difficulties for trait evolution with Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck models (2014, result): “Harmon et al. (2010) showed broad support for the OU model across many clades.”
Phylogenetic evidence for a shift in the mode of mammalian body size evolution at the Cretaceous‐Palaeogene boundary (2013, positive): “The elements of the model-specific variance covariance matrix, V, are then given by Vij ¼ r20minðCi;j; tshiftÞ þ r21maxð0;Ci;j tshiftÞ; eqn 1 where Cij is the shared evolutionary history of the ith and jth taxa (O’Meara et al. 2006; Harmon et al. 2010).”
Ecological opportunity and the origin of adaptive radiations (2010, methodology): “Levels of phenotypic variation among species in these radiating clades are comparatively easy to explain given known levels of trait heritability and the strength of selection in natural populations (Harmon et al., 2010).”
Two new graphical methods for mapping trait evolution on phylogenies (2013, background): “…biologists combine the phylogeny (that is, one or multiple estimates of the relationships and divergence times between taxa) with data for the phenotypic traits of species to make inferences about evolutionary processes in deep time (Harmon et al. 2010; Mahler et al. 2010; O'Meara 2012).”
Phylogenetic scale in ecology and evolution (2016, background): “…disparification varies across the phylogeny as well, because traits (morphological, physiological, behavioural, molecular, etc.) diverge at different rates and, therefore, are conserved over different phylogenetic scales ( sensu Figure 2d; Blomberg, Garland, & Ives, 2003; Harmon et al., 2010).”
Phylogenetic trees do not reliably predict feature diversity (2014, background): “…across characters or over time [e.g. the ‘early burst’ model of feature change (Simpson, 1953) in which rates of change decline over time; (Harmon et al., 2010)], whether change in one feature is conditional upon the state of others (e.g. Pagel & Meade, 2006) and whether the likelihood…”
mvmorph: an r package for fitting multivariate evolutionary models to morphometric data (2015, methodology): “…evolutionary theory predicts a burst of evolutionary rates and an increase in morphological disparity, followed by a decrease in rates of morphological evolution as ecological niches are ﬁlled (Cooper & Purvis 2010; Harmon et al. 2010; Slater et al. 2010; Ingram, Harmon & Shurin 2012; Slater 2013).”
SURFACE: detecting convergent evolution from comparative data by fitting Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck models with stepwise Akaike Information Criterion (2013, methodology): “As trait data, we used log-transformed total length (TL) as a measure of body size, plus two size-independent morphological trait axes (Gillespie, Croom & Palumbi 1994; Harmon et al. 2010).”