Urbanization and the Predation Paradox: The Role of Trophic Dynamics in Structuring Vertebrate Communities

By Jason D. Fischer, S. Cleeton, Timothy P. Lyons, James R. Miller. 2012

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Habitat urbanization and its effects on birds (2015, background): “On the one hand, there are studies reporting higher or similar survival rates of prey species in urban than in rural areas (e.g. reviewed by Evans 2010, Fischer et al. 2012) which can be attributed to lower predation rates in urban habitats.”
Growing in Cities: An Urban Penalty for Wild Birds? A Study of Phenotypic Differences between Urban and Rural Great Tit Chicks (Parus major) (2017, unknown): “Urbanization is also associated with altered predation risk (Fischer et al., 2012; Møller and IbáñezÁlamo, 2012), inter and intra-specific competition (Duckworth, 2014), disease prevalence (Bichet et al.”
Urbanization Shapes the Ecology and Evolution of Plant-Arthropod Herbivore Interactions (2019, background): “(2016), including host-parasite and songbird-nest predator relationships, have been reported to collapse in urban areas (Rodewald et al., 2011; Fischer et al., 2012; Calegaro-Marques and Amato, 2014; Nelson and Forbes, 2014).”
The breeding performance of raptors in urban landscapes: a review and meta-analysis (2017, background): “Although the density of some predatory species may increase along an urbanisation gradient, some apex predators that require large home ranges and have specialist diets are largely absent in the urban core (Fischer et al. 2012).”