Experimental investigation into convective heat transfer of nanofluids at the entrance region under laminar flow conditions

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The influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on single-phase heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics in the transitional flow regime of smooth tubes (2013, methodology): “Wen and Ding [8] performed experiments at the entrance region under laminar flow condition using γ-Al2O3-water nanofluids.”
Numerical investigation of nanofluids forced convection in circular tubes (2009, methodology): “The numerical simulation results are also compared with experimental data of Wen and Ding [30] and Heris et al. [45].”
Numerical study of mixed convection in an inclined two sided lid driven cavity filled with nanofluid using two-phase mixture model (2011, background): “Wen and Ding [5] focused on the entry region under laminar flow condition using nanofluids containing γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles of various concentrations.”
Rheological behaviour of nanofluids (2007, background): “Most published studies on nanofluids deal with the heat transfer behaviour including thermal conduction (Choi 1995; Masudaet al 1993; Wen and Ding 2004a), phase change (boiling) heat transfer (Das et al 2003a, 2003b; Wen and Ding 2005a) and convective heat transfer (Ding et al 2006; Pak and Cho…”
Comparison of single and two-phase models for nanofluid convection at the entrance of a uniformly heated tube (2014, neutral): “[12] in terms of local convective heat transfer coefficient (hx) versus x/D is also presented in Figs.”