The IPAT Equation and Its Variants

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Determinants of CO2 Emissions in Emerging Markets: An Empirical Evidence from MINT Economies (2020, methodology): “According to Chertow (2001), the IPAT identity illustrated in the equation is frequently utilized as the foundation for examining the different factors influencing CO2 emissions.”
Eco-efficiency guiding micro-level actions towards sustainability: Ten basic steps for analysis☆ (2009, background): “(See Chertow (2001) for a more detailed treatment of the subject.”
Drivers of CO2 emissions in the former Soviet Union: A country level IPAT analysis from 1990 to 2010 (2013, unknown): “Using decomposition analysis national CO2 emission can be expressed as an extended Kaya identity [54] which itself is an expansion of the original I=PAT (Impact = Population × Affluence × Technology) identity [55-57].”
Sustainable manufacturing: trends and research challenges (2012, background): “For example, Chertow (2000) underscored that technology, although associated with both disease and cure for environmental harms, is a critical factor in environmental preservation.”
Understanding and Mitigating the Effects of Device and Cloud Service Design Decisions on the Environmental Footprint of Digital Infrastructure (2016, unknown): “With cloud storage and backup now commonplace and automated, content (such as photos) users take are often uploaded automatically (C4,8,9).”