Characteristics of the composite right/left-handed transmission lines

By Atsushi Sanada, Christophe Caloz, Tatsuo Itoh. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 2004

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Composite Right/Left-Handed Metamaterial Transmission Lines Based on Complementary Split-Rings Resonators and Their Applications to Very Wideband and Compact Filter Design (2007, background): “[3] by simply loading a host transmission line with series gaps and shunt inductors.”
Leaky-Wave Antennas (2008, background): “The open stopband is greatly minimized when a “balanced condition” [36, 37] is satisfied, namely”
Metamaterial-based electronically controlled transmission-line structure as a novel leaky-wave antenna with tunable radiation angle and beamwidth (2004, background): “In particular, the generalized composite right/left-handed (CRLH) concept is introduced in [9]–[11].”
Arbitrary dual-band components using composite right/left-handed transmission lines (2004, neutral): “An ideal CRLH TL [3], [11] is the series combination of an ideal LH TL and an ideal RH TL, both of which do not have cutoff frequencies, resulting in the phase response”
High-gain active composite right/left-handed leaky-wave antenna (2006, background): “This approach was later extended to the concept of CRLH materials, which includes LH and right-handed (RH) effects [4], [5].”
Planar distributed structures with negative refractive index (2004, background): “D distributed LH TL have been proposed [13], [14] and demonstrated numerically, however, no experimental result showing NRI property in a 2-”