Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes.

By M. Fischereder, U. Schönermarck. New England Journal of Medicine, 2016

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Diabetic cardiomyopathy: a hyperglycaemia- and insulin-resistance-induced heart disease (2017, background): “Inhibition of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 reduced HbA1c levels, blood pressure, weight, visceral adiposity and oxidative stress in individuals with type 2 diabetes [45].”
CONSENSUS STATEMENT BY THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS AND AMERICAN COLLEGE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY ON THE COMPREHENSIVE TYPE 2 DIABETES MANAGEMENT ALGORITHM--2016 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. (2016, background): “In the only SGLT-2 inhibitor cardiovascular outcomes trial reported to date, empagliflozin was associated with significantly lower rates of all-cause and cardiovascular death and lower risk of hospitalization for heart failure (96).”
Multi-dimensional roles of ketone bodies in fuel metabolism, signaling, and therapeutics (2017, background): “Strikingly, at least one of these agents decreased HF hospitalization (e.g., as revealed by the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial), and improved cardiovascular mortality (Fitchett et al., 2016; Sonesson et al., 2016; Wu et al., 2016a; Zinman et al., 2015).”
2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. (2016, background): “Recommendation for influenza vaccination Recommendation Classa Levelb Ref c Annual vaccination may be considered in patients with established CVD. IIb C 151–154 aClass of recommendation. bLevel of evidence. cReference(s) supporting recommendations.”