Fog Computing for Sustainable Smart Cities

By Charith Perera, Yongrui Qin, Júlio Cezar Estrella, Stephan Reiff-Marganiec, Athanasios V. Vasilakos. ACM Computing Surveys, 2017

447 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The Internet of Things (IoT) aims to connect billions of smart objects to the Internet, which can bring a promising future to smart cities. These objects are expected to generate large amounts of data and send the data to the cloud for further processing, especially for knowledge discovery, in order that appropriate actions can be taken. However, in reality sensing all possible data items captured by a smart object and then sending the complete captured data to the cloud is less useful. Further, such an approach would also lead to resource wastage (e.g., network, storage, etc.). The Fog (Edge) computing paradigm has been proposed to counterpart the weakness by pushing processes of knowledge discovery using data analytics to the edges. However, edge devices have limited computational capabilities. Due to inherited strengths and weaknesses, neither Cloud computing nor Fog computing paradigm addresses these challenges alone. Therefore, both paradigms need to work together in order to build a sustainable IoT infrastructure for smart cities. In this article, we review existing approaches that have been proposed to tackle the challenges in the Fog computing domain. Specifically, we describe several inspiring use case scenarios of Fog computing, identify ten key characteristics and common features of Fog computing, and compare more than 30 existing research efforts in this domain. Based on our review, we further identify several major functionalities that ideal Fog computing platforms should support and a number of open challenges toward implementing them, to shed light on future research directions on realizing Fog computing for building sustainable smart cities.

Subfields: Computer Networks and Communications, Computer Science Applications, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/23a3ef2befba09dcb78c985fe65a834e601fbe68

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Citations in the corpus

The Future of Healthcare Internet of Things: A Survey of Emerging Technologies (2020, background): “2) Edge and Fog Computing: The primary advantage of the Fog/Edge-based architecture is the ability to reduce latency and allowing higher computational complexity within limited resources [250].”
Smart Cities: A Survey on Data Management, Security, and Enabling Technologies (2017, background): “[14] discuss the role of Fog computing in smart city applications.”
All One Needs to Know about Fog Computing and Related Edge Computing Paradigms: A Complete Survey (2018, background): “The recent survey in [11] focuses on connectivity and device configuration aspects of the fog computing and identifies major features that fog computing platforms need to build infrastructure for smart city applications.”
Smarter eco-cities and their leading-edge artificial intelligence of things solutions for environmental sustainability: A comprehensive systematic review (2023, unknown): “[137 e 140,143,157]).”
A Survey of Blockchain Technology Applied to Smart Cities: Research Issues and Challenges (2019, background): “Fog computing for sustainable smart cities has been surveyed in [29], which analyzes the characteristics and functionalities of an ideal fog computing architecture, and discusses some future research challenges and directions.”
Federated Learning for Internet of Things: Recent Advances, Taxonomy, and Open Challenges (2020, background): “Smart cities can offer several critical applications, such as intelligent transportation, smart industries, healthcare, and smart surveillance, among others [2]–[4].”
Heterogeneous Federated Learning: State-of-the-art and Research Challenges (2023, background): “, base stations) that can communicate with the cloud layer and the IoT layers [169].”
Fog Computing: Survey of Trends, Architectures, Requirements, and Research Directions (2018, background): “[11] reviewed the Fog computing domain from the platform perspectives of developers and end users towards building a sustainable sensing infrastructure for smart city applications.”
An Overview of Service Placement Problem in Fog and Edge Computing (2020, unknown): “Metrics References Latency [9, 12, 33, 45, 49–51, 58, 63, 66, 67, 71, 73, 77, 81, 83, 89–91, 96, 98, 101–104, 106, 108–115] Resource utilization [10, 17, 48, 60, 62, 64, 76, 80, 82, 87, 94, 95, 99, 106] Cost [40, 48, 52–54, 56, 57, 65, 70, 72, 74, 75, 79, 88, 93, 100, 106–109, 115–120] Energy consum”
Securing Fog Computing for Internet of Things Applications: Challenges and Solutions (2018, background): “[22] surveyed the use case scenarios in smart cities and discussed the common”
Impact of Trust and Privacy Concerns on Technology Acceptance in Healthcare: An Indian Perspective (2020, unknown): “[92] argued for adoption of FOG (edge) computing based approach for solving analytical and computational problems for diverse problems including those related to medical industry and smart cities.”
Survey of Fog Computing: Fundamental, Network Applications, and Research Challenges (2018, background): “There are related survey papers [20], [37]–[40] that”