Bile Acid Metabolism and Signaling
By J. Y. Chiang. Comprehensive Physiology, 2013
1,355 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Bile acids are important physiological agents for intestinal nutrient absorption and biliary secretion of lipids, toxic metabolites, and xenobiotics. Bile acids also are signaling molecules and metabolic regulators that activate nuclear receptors and G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling to regulate hepatic lipid, glucose, and energy homeostasis and maintain metabolic homeostasis. Conversion of cholesterol to bile acids is critical for maintaining cholesterol homeostasis and preventing accumulation of cholesterol, triglycerides, and toxic metabolites, and injury in the liver and other organs. Enterohepatic circulation of bile acids from the liver to intestine and back to the liver plays a central role in nutrient absorption and distribution, and metabolic regulation and homeostasis. This physiological process is regulated by a complex membrane transport system in the liver and intestine regulated by nuclear receptors. Toxic bile acids may cause inflammation, apoptosis, and cell death. On the other hand, bile acid‐activated nuclear and GPCR signaling protects against inflammation in liver, intestine, and macrophages. Disorders in bile acid metabolism cause cholestatic liver diseases, dyslipidemia, fatty liver diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Bile acids, bile acid derivatives, and bile acid sequestrants are therapeutic agents for treating chronic liver diseases, obesity, and diabetes in humans. © 2013 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 3:1191‐1212, 2013.
Subfields: Clinical Biochemistry, Epidemiology, Oncology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/236bef5754efcf06447583e410f99244e5c9f4d2
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In Clinical Biochemistry
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Citations in the corpus
- Bile Acid Signaling in Metabolic Disease and Drug Therapy (2014, background): “Recently, therapies targeted to FXR, TGR5, and bile acid metabolism have been developed for treatment of metabolic diseases and cholestatic liver diseases (reviewed in Claudel et al., 2004; Trauner and Halilbasic, 2011; Fiorucci et al., 2012; Porez et al., 2012; Chiang, 2013; Li and Chiang, 2013; Sw”
- Metabolomics for Investigating Physiological and Pathophysiological Processes. (2019, positive): “The TGR5mediated changes of the gut’s immune response mean that bile acids can influence the gut’s microbial composition (36).”
- Mechanisms and disease consequences of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (2021, background): “Specifically, the discovery of the bile acid receptors farnesoid X receptor (FXR), Takeda G-coupled protein receptor 5 (TGR5; GPBAR1, M-BAR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2), the muscarinic receptors M2/3, and the vitamin D receptor have established bile acids a”