Live plant imports: the major pathway for forest insect and pathogen invasions of the US

By Andrew M. Liebhold, E. Brockerhoff, L. Garrett, J. Parke, K. Britton. 2012

585 citations recorded by the source corpus.

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/23632f3b4aafb829b0dd1db9b35c6b2dc6757bd2

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In Ecology

In Insect Science

Citations in the corpus

Urban trees: bridge-heads for forest pest invasions and sentinels for early detection (2017, unknown): “The suggestion of focusing regulations on introduction pathways rather than particular pests has been raised multiple times (Desprez-Loustau et al. 2007; Jung et al. 2016; Leung et al. 2014; Liebhold et al. 2012; Wingﬁeld et al. 2015).”
Common pathways by which non-native forest insects move internationally and domestically (2018, background): “Importation of live plants is an important pathway for the introduction of non-native insects (Smith et al. 2007; Brasier 2008; Hulme et al. 2008; Roques 2010; Liebhold et al. 2012).”
Complex patterns of global spread in invasive insects: eco-evolutionary and management consequences (2016, background): “, irradiation, heat, methyl bromide treatment, or exposure to high CO2 or low O2 concentrations) are often expensive and/or inadequately applied, variably effective and inconsistently enforced (Liebhold et al. 2012; Haack et al. 2014; Roy et al. 2014; Eschen et al. 2015).”
The polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB) and its fungal symbiont Fusarium euwallaceae: a new invasion in South Africa (2018, background): “Worldwide, there is a growing list of damaging invasive forest pests, the introduction of which has largely been precipitated by international trade and the intentional movement of plant material (Santini et al. 2013; Liebhold et al. 2012).”
Economics of invasive species policy and management (2017, background): “…and garden plants and ornamentals) are a particularly strong pathway for introduction of terrestrial invertebrates and forest pests and pathogens (Liebhold et al. 2012; Roques et al. 2009), with solid wood packaging material also a key pathway for wood-boring and bark beetles (Liebhold et al.…”
Ecology of forest insect invasions (2017, background): “…characteristics (see above) that predispose some sap-feeding and foliage-feeding insects to be successful colonizers, the apparent invasion success of such species is also due their common association with live plants traded internationally (Kiritani and Yamamura 2003; Liebhold et al. 2012).”
Invasive Cerambycid Pests and Biosecurity Measures (2017, background): “…most important pathways (Work et al. 2005), (2) the importance of the live plant pathway for the importation of forest pests into the United States (Liebhold et al. 2012), and (3) the impact of international phytosanitary regulations such as International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures No.…”
Increasing forest loss worldwide from invasive pests requires new trade regulations (2014, background): “In the US, for example, billions of plants (usually containerized) are imported annually (Liebhold et al. 2012) but only about 2% are inspected (Brasier 2008).”
Biological control of forest plantation pests in an interconnected world requires greater international focus (2012, background): “…– to ban or seriously limit the trade in live plants for planting responsible a high proportion of exotic introductions, for example – is highly desirable (Liebhold et al. 2012; Montesclaro Declaration: http://www.iufro.org/science/divisions/division-7/70000/ publications/montesclaros-declaration).”
Widespread Phytophthora infestations in European nurseries put forest, semi-natural and horticultural ecosystems at high risk of Phytophthora diseases (2016, background): “…of Phytophthora species between continents as demonstrated for many fungal pathogens and insect pests (Erwin and Ribeiro 1996; Webber and Brasier 2005; Jones and Baker 2007; Brasier 2008; Gr€unwald et al. 2012; Liebhold et al. 2012; Hantula et al. 2013; Santini et al. 2013; Eschen et al. 2014).”
Temporal and interspecific variation in rates of spread for insect species invading Europe during the last 200 years (2016, background): “This recent influx of alien insects appears to comprise predominately herbivores (Roques 2010), which is probably related to recent changes in trade practices, especially the increased magnitude in the movement of live plants globally (Liebhold et al. 2012; Eschen et al. 2014; Essl et al. 2015).”
Utilization and transfer of forest genetic resources: A global review (2014, background): “In the USA, a similar study attributed 69% of the introductions of non-native forest insects and pathogens since 1860 to the trade in living plants (Liebhold et al., 2012).”