Levels of racism: a theoretic framework and a gardener's tale.

By C. Jones. American Journal of Public Health, 2000

2,242 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: General Health Professions, Health, Sociology and Political Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/23543d24a5ce003bb9c5d2225454b4225faa6e32

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Citations in the corpus

Social context, sexual networks, and racial disparities in rates of sexually transmitted infections. (2005, background): “Institutional racism is a key factor underlying the enduring racial disparities in income, education, housing, neighborhood quality, government services, political power, morbidity, and mortality [46, 48–51].”
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Birth Outcomes: A Life-Course Perspective (2003, background): “Racism can take multiple forms; it can be internalized, personally mediated, or institutionalized (105).”
Environmental Health Disparities: A Framework Integrating Psychosocial and Environmental Concepts (2004, background): “Physical and psychosocial stressors may interact with one another, as seen with natural and technological disasters (Ginexi et al. 2000; Kaniasty and Norris 2000).”
Health disparities and health equity: the issue is justice. (2011, background): “This directly reflects the human rights principles of nondiscrimination and equality; nondiscrimination includes not only intentional but also unintentional or de facto discrimination, meaning discriminatory treatment embedded in structures and institutions, regardless of whether there is conscious ”
Coping With Racism: A Selective Review of the Literature and a Theoretical and Methodological Critique (2009, background): “Racism exists at multiple levels, including interpersonal, environmental, institutional, and cultural (Harrell 2000; Jones 1997, 2000; Krieger 1999).”
The nation’s unprotected children and the ghost of Mike Brown, or the impact of national police killings on the health and social development of African American boys (2016, background): “Within the last decade, a body of research emerged dedicated to the study of stress from interpersonal and institutional forms of discrimination on adverse health (Harrell, Hall, & Taliaferro, 2003; Jones, 2000).”
Racist Experiences and Health Outcomes: An Examination of Spirituality as a Buffer (2002, background): “The unparalleled health disparities that exist between African Americans and their White counterparts can fundamentally be understood within the context of racism and cultural hegemony (Harrell, 1999; C. P. Jones, 2000; Semmes, 1995).”
STRUCTURAL RACISM AND HEALTH INEQUITIES (2011, background): “Structural Racism Researchers have long argued that racism operates at multiple levels, ranging from the individual to the structural (Carmichael and Hamilton, 1967; Jones 2000).”
More than culture: structural racism, intersectionality theory, and immigrant health. (2012, neutral): “opportunities along racial and ethnic lines (Gee & Ford, 2011; Geronimus & Thompson, 2004; Jones, 2000; Powell, 2008).”