2nd to 4th digit ratios, fetal testosterone and estradiol.

By Svetlana Lutchmaya, Simon Baron-Cohen, P. Raggatt, Rebecca C. Knickmeyer, J. Manning. Early Human Development, 2004

954 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Genetics, Molecular Biology, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/22f1213ab109bc375f7f42b2ba73049705e66292

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Citations in the corpus

Digit ratios (2D:4D) as predictors of risky decision making for both sexes (2011, background): “In one of the few direct tests of the relationship between 2D:4D and prenatal sex hormones in humans, Lutchmaya et al. (2004) found a lower 2D:4D ratio was significantly related to higher levels of fetal testosterone relative to fetal estradiol in the amniotic fluid, within and across sexes ( Lutchm”
Craniofacial Feminization, Social Tolerance, and the Origins of Behavioral Modernity (2014, background): “…the postnatal ratio of the lengths of the second to fourth digits (2D:4D) can be used as an inverse measure of fetal testosterone levels (Lutchmaya et al. 2004; Zheng and Cohn 2011), which in turn helps in identifying the craniofacial morphological consequences of prenatal versus…”
Developmental basis of sexually dimorphic digit ratios (2011, background): “Variation of 2D:4D ratios is widely considered to reflect different prenatal androgen levels, although it also has been reported that estrogen levels correlate positively with 2D:4D ratios (2, 11, 18).”
Biology and Selection into Entrepreneurship—The Relevance of Prenatal Testosterone Exposure (2016, neutral): “Even though the validity of 2D:4D as marker for PTE is supported by a number of studies (e.g., Hönekopp & Watson, 2010; Lutchmaya et al., 2004; Manning, 2002; Manning et al., 1998; McIntyre, Cohn, & Ellison, 2006), multiple factors affect 2D:4D, such that 2D:4D does not perfectly reflect PTE (cf.…”
Sexuality in a community based sample of adults with autism spectrum disorder (2012, background): “Persons exposed to high levels of prenatal androgens have lower 2D:4D ratios than expected (Lutchmaya et al., 2004).”
The self-domestication hypothesis: evolution of bonobo psychology is due to selection against aggression (2012, background): “The potential for early developmental differences is supported by indirect morphological evidence that suggests chimpanzees are hyper-androgenized relative to bonobos in utero (McIntyre et al. 2009; see also Lutchmaya et al. 2004).”