On the use of plant cellulose nanowhiskers to enhance the barrier properties of polylactic acid

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How the shape of fillers affects the barrier properties of polymer/non-porous particles nanocomposites: A review (2018, methodology): “[106] Cellulose whisker Poly(Lactic acid) Length: 60160 nm Thickness: 1020 nm Unmodified Solution casting Oxygen / Water vapor Packaging”
Strength and Barrier Enhancements of Cellophane and Cellulose Derivative Films: A Review (2013, unknown): “Highly crystalline cellulose nanocrystals generally have the capacity to enhance the moisture barrier properties and decrease WVP (Bilbao-Sáinz et al. 2011; George and Siddaramaiah 2012; Sanchez-Garcia and Lagaron 2010; Saxena et al. 2011).”
Plasticized polylactic acid nanocomposite films with cellulose and chitin nanocrystals prepared using extrusion and compression molding with two cooling rates : effects on mechanical, thermal and optical properties (2016, methodology): “Cellulose nanomaterials have been extensively used as an additive to improve the thermal, mechanical and barrier properties of the PLA as well as to affect its crystallinity [3–7].”