Causal Relationships between Energy Consumption, Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth: Fresh Evidence from Dynamic Simultaneous-Equations Models

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Innovation, foreign direct investment (FDI), and the energy–pollution–growth nexus in OECD region: a simultaneous equation modeling approach (2020, result): “With the present results validating the feedback relationship between energy consumption and GDP growth, these findings are consistent with prior studies (cf. Omri and Kahouli 2014; Sinha 2016; Sunderasan 2013).”
Modeling the causal linkages between nuclear energy, renewable energy and economic growth in developed and developing countries (2015, unknown): “(4) states that nuclear energy consumption, renewable energy consumption, capital stock (K) and labor force (L) are the driving forces of economic growth [12, 23, 33-35].”
Applied econometrics and implications for energy economics research (2015, background): “Other studies extend the modeling framework in other directions, such as the relationship between energy consumption, GDP and foreign direct investment (Omri and Kahouli, 2014), energy consumption, political instability and tourism (Tang and Abosedra, 2014).”
Global Indicators of Sustainable Development: Evaluation of the Influence of the Human Development Index on Consumption and Quality of Energy (2020, background): “Overall, energy consumption leads to a rise in CO2 emissions, since the energy is mostly fossil [48,50].”