Transition of lithium growth mechanisms in liquid electrolytes
By Peng Bai, Ju Li, F. Brushett, Martin Z. Bazant. 2016
902 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Next-generation high-energy batteries will require a rechargeable lithium metal anode, but lithium dendrites tend to form during recharging, causing short-circuit risk and capacity loss, by mechanisms that still remain elusive. Here, we visualize lithium growth in a glass capillary cell and demonstrate a change of mechanism from root-growing mossy lithium to tip-growing dendritic lithium at the onset of electrolyte diffusion limitation. In sandwich cells, we further demonstrate that mossy lithium can be blocked by nanoporous ceramic separators, while dendritic lithium can easily penetrate nanopores and short the cell. Our results imply a fundamental design constraint for metal batteries (“Sand's capacity”), which can be increased by using concentrated electrolytes with stiff, permeable, nanoporous separators for improved safety.
Subfields: Automotive Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/227d500e77e72da9c4b04bc3e71bbaf81c20696b
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Citations in the corpus
- An In Vivo Formed Solid Electrolyte Surface Layer Enables Stable Plating of Li Metal (2017, background): “The Sand time t is determined where the voltage apparently diverges because of complete ion depletion and rapid dendrite growth.(13) Remarkably, we observed an 8-fold increase in the Sand time for the LSPS cell over the blank cell (860 min versus 110 min).”
- An Ultrastrong Double-Layer Nanodiamond Interface for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes (2018, positive): “The poor wetting of nanodiamond by Li metal, as observed from the large contactangleofmoltenLiondiamondsurface (Figures3D,3E,andS12), opposes dendrite penetration through defects by surface tension.(44) In addition, the small nanopores ( 1 nm) in the nanodiamondfilmare below the critical size of sta”
- Liquid cell transmission electron microscopy observation of lithium metal growth and dissolution: Root growth, dead lithium and lithium flotsams (2017, background): “Solvent molecules are too large and slow to diffuse into the root to hinder electrodeposition, but as the compressive stress is relaxed, the whisker growth stops (Stage III).”
- Interplay of Lithium Intercalation and Plating on a Single Graphite Particle (2021, background): “Diffusion-limited aggregation Li concentration in electrolyte (cl ) cl = 0 at graphite surface Bai et al.(19)”