The C4 pathway: an efficient CO2 pump

By S. von Caemmerer, Robert Furbank. Photosynthesis Research, 2004

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Advances in understanding the cyanobacterial CO2-concentrating-mechanism (CCM): functional components, Ci transporters, diversity, genetic regulation and prospects for engineering into plants. (2008, background): “C3 crop plants lose around 500 molecules of water through leaf pores for every CO2 molecule that is acquired from the atmosphere; C4 plants can use as little as half this amount of water per CO2 fixed (von Caemmerer and Furbank, 2003).”
Implications of climate change for agricultural productivity in the early twenty-first century (2010, background): “In these plants CO2 is concentrated to three to six times atmospheric concentrations and thus RuBisCO is already saturated (von Caemmerer & Furbank 2003).”
Regional disparities in the CO2 fertilization effect and implications for crop yields (2013, background): “…in C4 species, the carboxylation activity of Rubisco is already saturated at current concentrations of CO2, and photorespiration is essentially eliminated (Von Caemmerer and Furbank 2003), and increased atmospheric CO2 concentration does not increase carboxylation rate or decrease photorespiration.”
Maize yield under a changing climate: The hidden role of vapor pressure deficit (2018, methodology): “The model describes gas exchange properties of developed leaves by coupling a leaf energy balance equation, a biochemical C4 photosynthesis model (Von Caemmerer and Furbank 2003), and a stomatal conductance model (Ball et al 1987).”