Linking Conflict to Inequality and Polarization

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Cultural diversity and economic growth: Evidence from the US during the age of mass migration (2013, background): “…positive effect of cultural polarization on the number of riots is consistent with the conflict literature that has emphasized the conflict promoting effects of cultural polarization (e.g. Montalvo and Reynal-Querol, 2003, 2005a,b, 2008; Esteban and Ray, 1999, 2010 and Esteban et al., 2010).”
Seeds of distrust: conflict in Uganda (2012, background): “Earlier contributions focus on characteristics of the political process (see, e.g., Horowitz 2000), while more recent formal theories study the effect of population characteristics (see, e.g., Esteban and Ray 2011; Rohner 2011).”
Unity in Diversity? How Intergroup Contact Can Foster Nation Building (2019, positive): “…currently spoken in Indonesia belong to the Austronesian language family, but many are very different from one another, and the differences 10To the extent that interethnic contact engender conflict (see, for example, Esteban and Ray, 2011a), what matters is the net benefit of intergroup exchanges.”
Migration, diversity, and economic growth (2017, background): “…cultural polarization, can be destabilizing as culturally fragmented societies are associated with high probability of conflict (see e.g., Esteban & Ray, 2011; Horowitz, 1985; Montalvo & Reynal-Querol, 2005a); (ii) diversity may lead to distortionary taxation, large government sector, or…”