Nonlinear aging of cylindrical lithium-ion cells linked to heterogeneous compression
By T. Bach, Simon F. Schuster, Elena Fleder, Jana Müller, M. Brand, Henning Lorrmann, Andreas Jossen, G. Sextl. 2016
280 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Abstract Second-life applications of automotive lithium-ion batteries are currently investigated for grid stabilization. Reutilization depends on reliable projections of the remaining useful life. However, reports on sudden degradation of lithium-ion-cells near 80% state of health challenge these extrapolations. Sudden degradation was demonstrated for different positive active materials. This work elucidates the cause of sudden degradation in detail. As part of a larger study on nonlinear degradation, in-depth analyses of cells with different residual capacities are performed. Sudden degradation of capacity is found to be triggered by the appearance of lithium plating confined to small characteristic areas, generated by heterogeneous compression. The resulting lithium loss rapidly alters the balancing of the electrodes, thus generating a self-amplifying circle of active material and lithium loss. Changes in impedance and open-circuit voltage are explained by the expansion of degraded patches. Destructive analysis reveals that sudden degradation is caused by the graphite electrode while the positive electrode is found unchanged except for delithiation caused by side reactions on the negative electrode. Our findings illustrate the importance of homogeneous compression of the electrode assembly and carbon electrode formulation. Finally, a quick test to evaluate the vulnerability of cell designs toward sudden degradation is proposed.
Subfields: Automotive Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/210ae33bfb5127d9033a5110bf059deea7dd08ff
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In Automotive Engineering
In Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Citations in the corpus
- A new on-line method for lithium plating detection in lithium-ion batteries (2020, background): “There are multiple ex-situ techniques reported in the literature for lithium plating detection, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICPOES) [1, 20].”