The ATLASGAL survey: a catalog of dust condensations in the Galactic plane
By T. Csengeri, J. Urquhart, F. Schuller, Fr'ed'erique Motte, S. Bontemps, F. Wyrowski, K. Menten, L. Bronfman, H. Beuther, Th. Henning and 3 more. 2013
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The formation processes and the evolutionary stages of high-mass stars are poorly understood compared to low-mass stars. Large-scale surveys are needed to provide an unbiased census of high column density sites which can potentially host precursors to high-mass stars. Here we use the ATLASGAL survey covering 420 sq. degree of the Galactic plane at 870 micron; and use the MRE-GLC method to identify the population of embedded sources throughout the inner Galaxy. We identify in total 10952 compact sub-millimeter sources with fluxes above 5 sigma. Completeness tests show that our catalogue is 97% complete above 5 sigma and >99% complete above 7 sigma. We correlate this sample with mid-infrared point source catalogues (MSX at 21.3 micron and WISE at 22 micron) and determine a lower limit of ~33% that are associated with embedded protostellar objects. We note that the proportion of clumps associated with mid-infrared sources increases with increasing flux density, achieving a rather constant fraction of ~75% of all clumps with fluxes over 5 Jy/beam being associated with star-formation. Examining the source counts as a function of Galactic longitude we are able to identify the most prominent star forming regions in the Galaxy. From the fraction of the likely massive quiescent clumps (~25%) we estimate a formation time-scale of ~7.25+/-2.50 x 10^4~yr for the deeply embedded phase before the emergence of luminous YSOs. Such a short duration for the formation of high-mass stars in massive clumps clearly proves that the earliest phases have to be dynamic with supersonic motions.
Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/2108a5c1b7c11990187af726a6438b4c758cbda8
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Citations in the corpus
- ATLASGAL — towards a complete sample of massive star forming clumps ⋆ (2014, methodology): “The distributions of both parameters in the associated clumps are noticeably different to those of the general population of ATLASGAL clumps, with the former being significantly more centrally condensed and spherical (cf. Csengeri et al. 2014).”
- ATLASGAL - properties of a complete sample of Galactic clumps (2017, methodology): “The Galactic distribution of dense gas has been investigated using ATLASGAL and reported by Beuther et al. (2012) and Csengeri et al. 2014.”