Bioremediation techniques–classification based on site of application: principles, advantages, limitations and prospects
By C. C. Azubuike, C. Chikere, G. Okpokwasili. World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2016
999 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Environmental pollution has been on the rise in the past few decades owing to increased human activities on energy reservoirs, unsafe agricultural practices and rapid industrialization. Amongst the pollutants that are of environmental and public health concerns due to their toxicities are: heavy metals, nuclear wastes, pesticides, green house gases, and hydrocarbons. Remediation of polluted sites using microbial process (bioremediation) has proven effective and reliable due to its eco-friendly features. Bioremediation can either be carried out ex situ or in situ, depending on several factors, which include but not limited to cost, site characteristics, type and concentration of pollutants. Generally, ex situ techniques apparently are more expensive compared to in situ techniques as a result of additional cost attributable to excavation. However, cost of on-site installation of equipment, and inability to effectively visualize and control the subsurface of polluted sites are of major concerns when carrying out in situ bioremediation. Therefore, choosing appropriate bioremediation technique, which will effectively reduce pollutant concentrations to an innocuous state, is crucial for a successful bioremediation project. Furthermore, the two major approaches to enhance bioremediation are biostimulation and bioaugmentation provided that environmental factors, which determine the success of bioremediation, are maintained at optimal range. This review provides more insight into the two major bioremediation techniques, their principles, advantages, limitations and prospects.
Subfields: Environmental Engineering, Pollution, Process Chemistry and Technology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/202f5cb89d85686133d355dd789c94c61b41077d
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Citations in the corpus
- Microbial and Plant-Assisted Bioremediation of Heavy Metal Polluted Environments: A Review (2017, background): “Ex-situ bioremediation involves taking the contaminated media from its original site to a different location for treatment based on the cost of treatment, deepness of contamination, pollutant type and the extent of pollution, geographical locality and geology of the contaminated site [35].”
- Microbes used as a tool for bioremediation of heavy metal from the environment (2020, background): “Autochthonous (indigenous) microorganisms present in polluted environments hold the key to solving most of the challenges associated with biodegradation and bioremediation of polluting substances (Azubuike et al., 2016), provided that environmental conditions are suitable for their growth and metabo”