CO2 emissions, real output, energy consumption, trade, urbanization and financial development: testing the EKC hypothesis for the USA

By Eyup Dogan, Berna Turkekul. Environmental science and pollution research international, 2015

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Does financial development mitigate carbon emissions? Evidence from heterogeneous financial economies (2020, background): “In another study, Dogan and Turkekul (2016) employed ARDL to investigate the effect of financial development on carbon emissions in USA and found that financial development (domestic credit to private sector) no causal relationship exist between financial development and carbon emissions.”
An (a)symmetric analysis of the pollution haven hypothesis in the context of Pakistan: a non-linear approach (2019, background): “Further, connections among trade openness, urbanization, energy, financial development and population growth under the EKC hypothesis have been studied by many researchers; such studies include [23] in the case of China; [24] for Canada; [25] in the case of Malaysia; [26] in the case of Indonesia; [”