Evolution of El Niño–Southern Oscillation and global atmospheric surface temperatures

By Kevin E. Trenberth, J. Caron, D. Stepaniak, S. Worley. 2002

495 citations recorded by the source corpus.

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

Global temperature evolution 1979–2010 (2011, background): “…variations: El Niño/southern oscillation (ENSO, an internal quasi-oscillatory mode of the ocean–atmosphere system) (Newell and Weare 1976, Angell 1981, Trenberth et al 2002), volcanic eruptions (IPCC 2007), and solar variations including the solar cycle (IPCC 2007, Lean and Rind 2008, 2009).”
El Niño Modoki and its possible teleconnection (2007, methodology): “TNI is correlated at 0.8 with the time series of SVD2 of SSTA and several atmospheric fields such as precipitation [Trenberth et al., 2002], and hence they accept TNI as an index (see Figure 4b) to represent the SVD2 in tropical Pacific; the correlation of the SVD2 time series with tropical Pacific…”
Distinctive climate signals in reanalysis of global ocean heat content (2013, background): “Note especially the extreme amount of cooling of the tropical Pacific Ocean following the 1997–1998 El Niño event that released heat from the ocean [Trenberth et al., 2002] to such an extent that a major recovery period was required.”
Tropical Pacific and Atlantic Climate Variability in CCSM3 (2006, methodology): “…1-1.5 years and recurring approximately every 3-8 years, accompanied by changes in atmospheric circulation, rainfall and upper ocean heat content (Rasmusson and Carpenter, 1983; Deser and Wallace, 1990; Harrison and Larkin, 1998; Meinen and McPhaden, 2000; Trenberth et al., 2002; among others).”