Hunting Causes and Using Them: Approaches in Philosophy and EconomicsBy Nancy Cartwright: Summary

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Causality, mediation and time: a dynamic viewpoint (2012, background): “The prominent philosopher Nancy Cartwright in Cartwright (2007) also asserted that intervention in practice will usually be a much more complex affair than what is indicated by Pearl’s surgery.”
What are randomised controlled trials good for? (2009, background): “In this case the conditioning factors for deciding if C causes E need to include a dummy variable that takes value 1 just in case C has operated to produce the paired effect and the value 0 otherwise (Cartwright 1989, 2007).”
Why ask why? Forward causal inference and reverse causal questions (2013, background): “This is consistent with views such as Cartwright (2007) that causal inference in reality is more complex than is captured in any theory of inference.”
3. The Foundations of Causal Inference (2010, methodology): “The “surgery definition” was used in Pearl (2000a, p. 417) and criticized by Cartwright (2007) and Heckman (2005); see Pearl (2009a:362–63, 374–79) for rebuttals. version of M, with the equation(s) of X replaced by X = x. Denote the solution for Y in the equations of Mx by the symbol YMx(u).”
The Causal Foundations of Structural Equation Modeling (2012, methodology): “The “surgery definition” was used in Pearl (2000, p. 417) and criticized by Cartwright (2007) and Heckman (2005); see Pearl (2009, pp. 362–63, 374–79) for rebuttals.”