Dynamic holographic optical tweezers

By J. Curtis, Brian A. Koss, David G. Grier. 2002

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Shaping the future of manipulation (2011, background): “The majority of holographic optical trapping geometries are based on a spatial light modulator (SLM) placed in a plane conjugate to the back aperture of the microscope objective in us”
A revolution in optical manipulation (2003, background): “Fortunately, a variety of iterative optimization algorithms have been develope”
Optical tweezers and their applications (2018, background): “In doing this, it is possible to create and move multiple traps in real time and to generate vector beams able to carry optical spin and angular momentum [108].”
Optical trapping with structured light: a review (2021, background): “Figure 24(d) schematically illustrates a typical HOT setup that incorporates the use of an SLM.(136,139) The phase pattern for generating an array of 20 by 20 traps (bottom-right inset with a zoom-in image for the trapped microspheres) is Fig.”
Tweezers with a twist (2011, methodology): “However, the wider appeal of using SLMs in tweezers was triggered by Grier and co-workers, who demonstrated the flexibility and ease at which this technique — coined 'holographic optical tweezers' — could be implemente”