Trade openness and economic growth: is growth export-led or import-led?

349 citations recorded by the source corpus.

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

Does agriculture really matter for economic Growth in Developing Countries (2015, methodology): “stimulation of technological improvement due to foreign market competition (Helpman and Krugman 1985; Awokuse, 2008 ).”
Does trade openness affect long run growth? Cointegration, causality and forecast error variance decomposition tests for Pakistan (2012, background): “Awokuse, 2008 used both exports and imports as indicators of trade openness 22.”
Role of natural resource abundance, international trade and financial development in the economic development of selected countries (2020, background): “Shahbaz (2012), Kim and Lin (2009), Awokuse (2008), Dowrick and Golley (2004), Karras (2003), Slaughter (1997) and Edwards (1993) underscored the adoption of technological innovations of imports from developed countries being transferred to developing countries through openness and international tra”