Solar Flare Electron Spectra at the Sun and near the Earth

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Recent Advances in Understanding Particle Acceleration Processes in Solar Flares (2011, background): “Some particles may escape the acceleration region into interplanetary space and can contribute to solar energetic particle (SEP) events detected at 1 AU (e.g., Krucker et al. 2007a).”
A review of solar type III radio bursts (2014, background): “Electron time profiles generally show a rapid onset and also near time-of-flight velocity dispersion (e.g. Lin, 1985; Krucker et al., 1999, 2007).”
The Relationship Between Solar Radio and Hard X-ray Emission (2011, background): “Such strong beams are more characteristic of the downward flux at an HXR-emitting footpoint in a flare than of the outwardpropagating Type-III-burst electron beams as inferred from measurements in the solar wind (Krucker et al. 2007).”
Dynamics of the Earth’s Particle Radiation Environment (2009, background): “Hard X-rays and radio waves give a lot of information on the accelerated electron populations at the Sun as well as on those escaping to the interplanetary medium (e.g., Krucker et al. 2007; Lehtinen et al. 2008; Agueda et al. 2008).”