The Formation of Recent and Remote Memory Is Associated with Time-Dependent Formation of Dendritic Spines in the Hippocampus and Anterior Cingulate Cortex

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The Cognitive Neuroscience of Human Memory Since H.M (2011, background): “These findings and others (Restivo et al. 2009) reflect the increasing importance of distributed cortical regions for the representation of memory as time passes.”
Early remodeling of the neocortex upon episodic memory encoding (2014, background): “In this regard, data in animal models suggest that glucose utilization (8), activitydependent immediate early gene expression (9, 10), and dendritic spine density (5) are increased in the prefrontal cortex following consolidation of remote, but not recent, long-term memory and Fig.”
The hippocampus and related neocortical structures in memory transformation. (2018, background): “Lesioning or blocking dendritic spine growth in the hippocampus shortly after context fear memory acquisition prevents the formation of the remote context memory, and also disrupts subsequent remodeling of dendritic spine growth in the mPFC [75,155].”
Structural Components of Synaptic Plasticity and Memory Consolidation. (2015, background): “For example, hippocampal dendritic spines seem to be more sensitive during early stages of learning, increasing in number shortly after fear conditioning, whereas cortical neurons appear to acquire more spines later (Restivo et al. 2009).”