When a turbot catches a fly: Evaluation of a pre-pupae meal of the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) as fish meal substitute — Growth performance and chitin degradation in juvenile turbot…

By S. Kroeckel, A.-G.E. Harjes, I. Roth, H. Katz, S. Wuertz, A. Susenbeth, Carsten Schulz. 2012

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Review of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) as Animal Feed and Human Food (2017, background): “BSFL meal and oil are already considered to be an animal-grade alternative to fish meal and fish oil used to feed carnivorous fish and in other animal diets, due to their high protein and lipid contents even when fed plant-based waste streams [65].”
State-of-the-art on use of insects as animal feed. (2014, background): “There have been attempts to create a defatted meal by cutting the larvae to enable the leakage of intracellular fat and then transferring the material to a tincture press (Kroeckel et al., 2012).”
Insect meal as renewable source of food for animal feeding: a review (2014, background): “…that were fed different species of insects demonstrate the potential of these protein sources for fish feed (Achionye-Nzeh and Ngwudo, 2003; Ajani et al., 2004; Aniebo et al., 2011; Fasakin et al., 2003; Kroeckel et al., 2012; Ogunji et al., 2008a; Rangacharyulu et al., 2003; Wuertz et al., 2012).”
Black soldier fly larvae meal can replace fish meal in diets of sea-water phase Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (2019, background): “However, reduced growth and feed utilization has been reported in juvenile turbot and rainbow trout when FM was replaced with BSF meal (Kroeckel et al., 2012; St-Hilaire et al., 2007).”