20th-Century Industrial Black Carbon Emissions Altered Arctic Climate Forcing
By J. McConnell, R. Edwards, G. Kok, Mark G. Flanner, Charles S. Zender, E. Saltzman, J. Banta, D. Pasteris, M. M. Carter, J. Kahl. Science, 2007
646 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Black carbon (BC) from biomass and fossil fuel combustion alters chemical and physical properties of the atmosphere and snow albedo, yet little is known about its emission or deposition histories. Measurements of BC, vanillic acid, and non–sea-salt sulfur in ice cores indicate that sources and concentrations of BC in Greenland precipitation varied greatly since 1788 as a result of boreal forest fires and industrial activities. Beginning about 1850, industrial emissions resulted in a sevenfold increase in ice-core BC concentrations, with most change occurring in winter. BC concentrations after about 1951 were lower but increasing. At its maximum from 1906 to 1910, estimated surface climate forcing in early summer from BC in Arctic snow was about 3 watts per square meter, which is eight times the typical preindustrial forcing value.
Subfields: Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1ce9f1514b2b6f6b9bb6b22abac1bb6ad6be711c
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Citations in the corpus
- Aerosol light absorption and its measurement: A review (2009, methodology): “, single particle soot photometer (SP2)) has been based on a continuous laser source [336–338] and has found use for the diagnostic of individual particles sampled by an airborne SP2 from the troposphere and lower stratosphere [336,337] and in the laboratory for the diagnostic of individual particle”
- Global dimming and brightening: A review (2009, background): “[74] Sulfur trapped in ice cores in Greenland is indicative of the presence of sulfate aerosols downwind of the United States and Canada [McConnell et al., 2007].”
- Physically based snow albedo model for calculating broadband albedos and the solar heating profile in snowpack for general circulation models (2011, background): “[48] Although the global annual mean radiative forcing caused by BC on snow is small (+0.1 ± 0.1 W m −2 )[ IPCC, 2007], locally, values can be much higher [Flanner et al., 2007; McConnell et al., 2007 ].”
- Enlightening Global Dimming and Brightening (2012, background): “Distinct aerosol trends that match with dimming/brightening are also observed in remote locations far away from pollution sources, such as in Greenland (McConnell et al. 2007), the Canadian Arctic (Sharma et al. 2004), or over oceans (Mishchenko et al. 2007; Cermak et al. 2010), pointing to the larg”