Why is metal bioaccumulation so variable? Biodynamics as a unifying concept.

By S. Luoma, P. Rainbow. Environmental Science and Technology, 2005

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Homeostasis and toxicology of essential metals (2012, background): “Compared to the large and variable enrichment of Se from water to algae, trophic transfer functions (TTFs; somewhat analogous to bioaccumulation factors) from primary producers to primary, secondary and tertiary consumers, including fish, are much lower, ranging from 0.6 to 23 from algae to inverteb”
Trace metal bioaccumulation: models, metabolic availability and toxicity. (2007, background): “A further stage in the understanding of the physiological processes controlling accumulated concentrations, specifically on a quantitative basis, is offered by the application of biodynamic modelling (Luoma and Rainbow, 2005).”
Effects of sediment geochemical properties on heavy metal bioavailability. (2014, background): “Given the importance of aquatic environment, numerous studies have been focused on heavy metals pollution (Atkinson et al., 2007; Luoma and Rainbow, 2005; Saeedi et al., 2013; Simpson, 2005) and the metals geochemical nature associations in sediments (Lee et al., 2000a; Simpson et al., 2012a).”
Framework for metals risk assessment. (2007, background): “Sitespecific model predictions for metal concentrations in animal tissues are strikingly close to independent field measurements for diverse water bodies, suggesting that it is possible for risk assessors to account for the major processes governing contaminant concentrations in aquatic animals and ”