From chemotherapy to biological therapy: A review of novel concepts to reduce the side effects of systemic cancer treatment (Review)
By V. Schirrmacher. International Journal of Oncology, 2018
1,020 citations recorded by the source corpus.
The side effects of systemic chemotherapy used to treat cancer are often severe. For decades, oncologists have focused on treating the tumor, which may result in damage to the tumor-bearing host and its immune system. Recently, much attention has been paid to the immune system of patients and its activation via biological therapies. Biological therapies, including immunotherapy and oncolytic virus (OV) therapy, are often more physiological and well tolerated. The present review elucidated how these therapies work and why these therapies may be better tolerated: i) In contrast to chemotherapy, immunotherapies induce a memory function of the adaptive immunity system; ii) immunotherapies aim to specifically activate the immune system against cancer; side effects are low due to immune tolerance mechanisms, which maintain the integrity of the body in the presence of B and T lymphocytes with their antigen-receptor specificities and; iii) the type I interferon response, which is evoked by OVs, is an ancient innate immune defense system. Biological and physiological therapies, which support the immune system, may therefore benefit cancer treatment. The present review focused on immunotherapy, with the aim of reducing side effects and increasing long-lasting efficacy in cancer therapy.
Subfields: Genetics, Immunology, Oncology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1cc4a68dfde407ef99b975b051b27371b7848e36
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Citations in the corpus
- Silver nanoparticles: Synthesis, medical applications and biosafety (2020, background): “For example, standard chemotherapy may cause serious side effects, including local reactions, such as thrombophlebitis and tissue necrosis, and systemic reactions, including myelosuppression, dysfunction of liver and kidney and immunosuppression [203].”
- Cancer chemotherapy and beyond: Current status, drug candidates, associated risks and progress in targeted therapeutics (2022, background): “Combination therapy may offer the advantages of the fast tumor regression of targeted therapies with the long-lasting responses induced by immunotherapy.(235) Immunotherapy may be able to consolidate the dramatic tumor responses achieved with targeted therapy into durable, long-lasting remissions, i”
- Immunostimulation with chemotherapy in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors (2020, background): “Multiple examples demonstrate that chemotherapeutic agents can interact directly with immune cell subsets to stimulate anticancer immunity via various non-exclusive mechanisms, including (1) a pronounced lymphodepletion that enables a global ‘reset’ of the immune system (at the cost of major adverse”