Clinical spinal instability and low back pain.

By M. Panjabi. Journal of Electromyography & Kinesiology, 2003

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Optimizing Performance by Improving Core Stability and Core Strength (2008, background): “In summary, research in the rehabilitation sector has been conducted, which has begun to assess how core muscles respond to low-load core stability exercises and their effect on LBP, and suggests that by performing core training exercises , performance relating to injury risk and recovery can be imp”
Core Stability Exercise Principles (2008, background): “Panjabi describes ‘‘clinical instability as the loss of the spine’s ability to maintain its patterns of displacement under physiologic loads so there is no initial or additional neurologic deficit, no major deformity, and no incapacitating pain’’ (5).”