Swimming speed, respiration rate, and estimated cost of transport in adult killer whales

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Estimated field metabolic rates and prey requirements of resident killer whales (2011, methodology): “These calculations are rather simplistic because the COT curves from Williams and Noren (2009) were constructed from speed and respiration rate data collected from Northern Resident killer whales during one activity state (travel/forage), and it is possible that COT curves may differ when whales…”
Impacts of anthropogenic noise on marine life : publication patterns, new discoveries, and future directions in research and management (2015, background): “…responses will require data on energetic demands, energetic cost of disturbance, predator-prey dynamics and their sensitivity to noise, and knowledge of the ratio of prey requirements to availability in the environment (New et al., 2013; Williams et al., 2011, 2006; Williams and Noren, 2009).”
Meta-analyses of whale-watching impact studies: Comparisons of cetacean responses to disturbance (2016, background): “For instance, the energetic expenditure is greater for adults swimming with calves in echelon position (Williams & Noren 2009).”