Do artificial substrates favor nonindigenous fouling species over native species

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Urban marine ecology in southern California: the ability of riprap structures to serve as rocky intertidal habitat (2009, background): “Recent studies also suggest that anthropogenic structures favor invasive species over native ones (Wasson et al. 2005; Glasby et al. 2007; Tyrrell and Byers 2007 ).”
Adventures of a sea squirt sleuth: unraveling the identity of Didemnum vexillum, a global ascidian invader (2009, background): “…is accumu-lating that artificial structures may facilitate invasions (Lambert and Lambert 1998, 2003; Oren and Benayahu 1998; Glasby et al. 2007; Tyrell and Byers 2007), probably due to several factors: proximity to the location of introduction of propagules (usually harbors), reduced…”
Effects of ocean sprawl on ecological connectivity: impacts and solutions (2017, methodology): “Thesestudies have predominantly used surveys of communities on arti ﬁ cial structures, in order to infer range expansions (e.g. Tyrrell and Byers, 2007; Ruiz et al., 2009; Sheehy and Vik, 2010; Mineur et al., 2012; Airoldi et al., 2015; de Mesel et al., 2015).”
Predation contributes to invasion resistance of benthic communities against the non-indigenous tunicate Ciona intestinalis (2011, background): “Indeed, in absence of predation non-native species can outcompete native fouling species on artificial substrata (Tyrrell and Byers 2007).”