More Than Socially Embedded: The Distinctive Character of 'Communal Tenure' Regimes in South Africa and its Implications for Land Policy

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Smallholder Irrigation Schemes, Agrarian Reform and ‘Accumulation from Above and from Below’ in South Africa (2013, background): “Land-tenure systems in the communal areas of KwaZulu-Natal, including Msinga, are ‘customary’ in character and overseen by chiefs (amakhosi), together with traditional councils established under recent legislation (Cousins 2007, 2011b).”
New Rights for Forest-Based Communities? Understanding Processes of Forest Tenure Reform (2010, background): “Given these previous rights, it should not be assumed that formalizing them will necessarily benefit communities (Cousins 2007, Meinzen Dick and Mwangi 2008, Sikor and Nguyen 2007).”
Land appropriation, surplus people and a battle over visions of agrarian futures in Africa (2013, background): “…used to refer to this large population – ‘smallholders’ – has been justifiably criticized because the single term ‘tends to obscure inequalities and class-based differences within the large population of households engaged in agricultural production on a relatively small scale’ (Cousins 2007b, 2).”