Physics of runaway electrons in tokamaks

By B. Breizman, P. Aleynikov, E. Hollmann, M. Lehnen. Nuclear Fusion, 2019

212 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Of all electrons, runaway electrons have long been recognized in the fusion community as a distinctive population. They now attract special attention as a part of ITER mission considerations. This review covers basic physics ingredients of the runaway phenomenon and the ongoing efforts (experimental and theoretical) aimed at runaway electron (RE) taming in the next generation tokamaks. We emphasize the prevailing physics themes of the last 20 years: the hot-tail mechanism of runaway production, RE interaction with impurity ions, the role of synchrotron radiation in runaway kinetics, RE transport in presence of magnetic fluctuations, micro-instabilities driven by REs in magnetized plasmas, and vertical stability of the plasma with REs. The review also discusses implications of the runaway phenomenon for ITER and the current strategy of RE mitigation.

Subfields: Aerospace Engineering, Materials Chemistry, Nuclear and High Energy Physics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1bd3cc34b1e2085a66030492c3b5cad0b1d421ba

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Citations in the corpus

• The JOREK non-linear extended MHD code and applications to large-scale instabilities and their control in magnetically confined fusion plasmas (2020, background): “RE generation during disruptions is a major concern for ITER [254].”