Fear factor: prey habitat selection and its consequences in a predation risk landscape

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Increased perception of predation risk to adults and offspring alters avian reproductive strategy and performance (2014, background): “Despite the fact that these 2 risk types pose very different fitness consequences and are expected to influence animals’ reproduction via distinct mechanisms (Lima and Dill 1990; Magnhagen 1991), most empirical studies to date have focused on testing a single risk type (e.g., Wisenden 1993; Koskela ”
Nest predation research: recent findings and future perspectives (2015, background): “…forest songbirds appear to preferentially select intermediate ‘‘optimal’’ distances from avian predator nests where the protective benefits against nest predators can represent a trade-off with the direct costs of being near the protector species (Thomson et al. 2006; Mönkkönen et al. 2007).”
Predators and the breeding bird: behavioral and reproductive flexibility under the risk of predation (2009, background): “In two separate studies, pied flycatchers fledging from nests relatively close to those of sparrowhawks were lighter and also somewhat smaller (Forsman, Seppänen & Mönkkönen, 2002; Thomson et al., 2006b).”