The challenge of challenge: Can problem solving opportunities enhance animal welfare?

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Marine mammal cognition and captive care: A proposal for cognitive enrichment in zoos and aquariums (2013, unknown): “does not suit an animal’s anatomy, natural history and cognitive skill level), apathy, boredom or frustration may be observed (Meehan and Mench 2007).”
The effect of feeding enrichment toys on the behaviour of kennelled dogs (Canis familiaris) (2008, background): “Habituation effects are known to affect the effectiveness of enrichment strategies (e.g. Meehan and Mench, 2007, in canids: Ings et al., 1996; Wells, 2004).”
To pace or not to pace? A review of what abnormal repetitive behavior tells us about zoo animal management (2017, background): “Negative affective states (NAS) as indicators of stress and suffering (Meehan and Mench, 2007), widely described in mammalian species, are noted in birds and have direct effects on psychological and related physical health of captive individuals.”
Different strokes: Can managing behavioral types increase post-release success? (2007, methodology): “A functional approach to defining enrichment has been suggested as a means of identifying specific objectives and methods for enrichment projects and grounding research in a sound theoretical framework (Newberry, 1995; Meehan & Mench, 2007 ).”