Understanding the Microstructure and Properties of Components Fabricated by Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS)

By M. Griffith, M. Ensz, J. Puskar, C. V. Robino, J. Brooks, J. Philliber, J. Smugeresky, W. Hofmeister. 2000

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Rapid Manufacturing of Metal Components by Laser Forming (2006, background): “Fully dense parts with mechanical properties close (or even superior) to the conventionally processed material are usually achieved [62–65].”
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AISI 316L Produced by Directed Energy Deposition-Based Additive Manufacturing: A Review (2020, methodology): “For this reason, several experiments [56,57], including analytical and numerical [58,59] approaches, have been developed to predict the effects of process variables on the cooling rate and consequently on the resulting microstructure in DED samples.”
Tensile properties and microstructural features of 304L austenitic stainless steel produced by wire-and-arc additive manufacturing (2020, background): “The same considerations can be applied also for the other DED processes reported in Table 6, even if it is worth mentioning that in one case ([40], also reported in [13]), a significant anisotropy was found between L and T orientation, being the T one the most penalized, as for the present work.”
The status, challenges, and future of additive manufacturing in engineering (2015, unknown): “gradedmulti-materials [110] and allowmicrostructureswith complex internal features [111,112].”
Application of Directed Energy Deposition-Based Additive Manufacturing in Repair (2019, unknown): “Annealed bar 841 403 30 [75] DED as-Build 815 487 69 [18] Repair by DED 793 482 56 [18]”