Current prevalence and incidence of infectious disease markers and estimated window‐period risk in the American Red Cross blood donor population

By R. Dodd, E. Notari, S. Stramer. Transfusion, 2002

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The Natural History of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection (2006, methodology): “[2] With current screening methods, HCV transmission through transfusion of contaminated blood products is approximately 1 in 500,000 to 2,000,000 transfusions.[10-12]”
Revised recommendations for HIV testing of adults, adolescents, and pregnant women in health-care settings. (2006, positive): “Estimated transmission is 3.5 times higher among persons who are unaware of their infection than among persons who are aware of their infection and contributes disproportionately to the number of new HIV infections each year in the United States (87).”
Transfusion-related mortality: the ongoing risks of allogeneic blood transfusion and the available strategies for their prevention. (2009, background): “Figure 5 shows the estimated reduction in the risk of transmission of TTIs from the mid-1980s to today.(61) Because of the transfusion recipients’ advanced age and underlying disease, only a minority survive long enough(62) to develop fatal complications of HIV, HCV, or HBV infection.”