Entanglement of the orbital angular momentum states of photons

By A. Mair, Alipasha Vaziri, Gregor Weihs, Anton Zeilinger. Nature, 2001

2,984 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Entangled quantum states are not separable, regardless of the spatial separation of their components. This is a manifestation of an aspect of quantum mechanics known as quantum non-locality. An important consequence of this is that the measurement of the state of one particle in a two-particle entangled state defines the state of the second particle instantaneously, whereas neither particle possesses its own well-defined state before the measurement. Experimental realizations of entanglement have hitherto been restricted to two-state quantum systems, involving, for example, the two orthogonal polarization states of photons. Here we demonstrate entanglement involving the spatial modes of the electromagnetic field carrying orbital angular momentum. As these modes can be used to define an infinitely dimensional discrete Hilbert space, this approach provides a practical route to entanglement that involves many orthogonal quantum states, rather than just two Multi-dimensional entangled states could be of considerable importance in the field of quantum information, enabling, for example, more efficient use of communication channels in quantum cryptography.

Subfields: Artificial Intelligence, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/186e203ab470294107da30f0e4d86ca5aa2674a9

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Citations in the corpus

Optical communications using orbital angular momentum beams (2015, methodology): “Previous investigations of the QKD system using OAM states can be found in both theoretical analysis and experimental demonstration, including (a) the secure information capacity as well as security analysis of a high-dimensional OAM-based QKD system [104,106,107], (b) high-dimensional OAM entanglem”
Optical vortices and vortex solitons (2004, methodology): “the Kerr media made of alternating self-focusing and self-defocusing layers (Towers and Malomed [2002]; Montesinos, Perez-Garcia, and Michinel [2004]; Montesinos, Perez-Garcia, Michinel, and Salgueiro [2004]; Adhikari [2004]) and nonlocal self-focusing medium (Yakimenko, Zaliznyak, and Kivshar [2004”
Superpositions of the orbital angular momentum for applications in quantum experiments (2001, methodology): “A more convenient but less general method for creating superposition modes is to use a displaced hologram [7].”
Photonic State Tomography (2005, background): “The theoretical sections provide a foundation for quantum state tomography, and should be applicable to any system, including photons (White et al., 1999; Sanaka et al., 2001; Mair et al., 2001; Nambu et al., 2002; Giorgi et al., 2003; Yamamoto et al., 2003; Sergienko et al., 2003; Pittman et al., 2”
Sub-Wavelength Grating Lenses With a Twist (2014, neutral): “applications from quantum information [16] to sub-wavelength”